John-Douglas is right, however, it could be said that the real end of the American Republic followed the end of the War Between the States when the Reconstruction Amendments to the US Constitution were adopted thus ending State sovereignty once and for all. Yes, the slaves were freed (as they should have been in 1776 & 1785), but the rest of the people have been turned into federal citizens (i.e. employees of the US government), wards of the State for ever more. Not a politically correct topic, I know, but the right to self-determination ended with the adoption of these amendments. It happened shortly after the Rothschilds successfully conspired to establish the National Bank Act of 1863. They also instigated and financed both sides of the Civil War! Their heirs continue to this day.